what is stroke?, prevention, symptoms and causes of stroke.
WHAT IS STROKE?
Stroke is a medical condition in which poor blood flow to a part of the brain causes cell death.
CAUSES OF STROKE
A stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is either blocked or disrupted, leading to damage or death of brain cells. Ischemic strokes, which are triggered by a blockage (typically a blood clot), and hemorrhagic strokes, which are triggered by brain bleeding, are the two main types.
-Ischemic strokes are caused by a lack of blood flow.
-hemorrhagic strokes are caused by bleeding. Both cause parts of the brain to stop functioning properly.
SYMTOMPS OF STROKE
-Weakness or numbness in one side of the body, usually in the face, arm, or leg.
-Difficulty speaking or comprehending.
-Dimness or loss of vision in one or both eyes, among other vision issues
-Problems with balance or coordination as well as dizziness.
-Difficulties moving or walking.
-Seizure or weakness
HOW TO PREVENT STROKE
-Healthy Diet: Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein while limiting processed foods, saturated and trans fats, and sodium.
- Regular exercise should consist of 75 minutes of vigorous exercise or 150 minutes of moderate exercise each week.
- Keeping a healthy weight is important because being overweight or obese increases your risk of stroke.
-Stop Smoking: The risk of stroke is significantly increased by smoking.
-Limit Alcohol Consumption: Consuming an excessive amount of alcohol can also increase the risk.
-Get Enough Sleep: Good sleep habits, such as getting 7-8 hours of sleep each night, may reduce the risk of stroke, according to research.
-Manage Stress: Chronic stress can contribute to high blood pressure, a major stroke risk factor. Techniques like mindfulness and yoga can help manage stress.
WHAT TO KNOW ABOUT STROKE:
Every person should be able to see a primary care physician on a regular basis, from birth to old age, to find and take advantage of opportunities to improve brain health.
In order to prevent a stroke, it is important to look for and address negative social determinants of health. This updated guideline includes an orientation to social determinants of health, acknowledging its impact on access to care and treatment of stroke risk factors. Therefore, screening for social determinants of health is recommended in care settings where at-risk stroke patients may be evaluated, with the acknowledgment that evidence-based interventions to address adverse social determinants of health are evolving.
The Mediterranean diet has been shown to lower the risk of stroke, particularly when supplemented with olive oil and nuts. However, low-fat diets have had little impact on reducing the risk. Adults with no previous cardiovascular disease and those at high or intermediate risk should follow the Mediterranean diet, according to this guideline.
Physical activity is essential for heart health and lowering the risk of stroke. A summary of high-quality data demonstrating that prolonged waking sedentary behavior is linked to an increased risk of stroke is included in this guideline. Therefore, we provide a new recommendation for screening for sedentary behavior and counseling patients to avoid being sedentary, as well as a call for new studies of interventions to disrupt sedentary behavior. In addition to this, regular moderate-to-vigorous physical activity is recommended.
It has been demonstrated that glucagon-like protein-1 receptor agonists are effective not only for reducing weight and lowering the risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke, but also for improving the management of type 2 diabetes. We offer a new recommendation for the use of these medications in diabetics with high cardiovascular risk or established cardiovascular disease on the basis of these robust data.
Blood pressure management is critical for stroke prevention. Only 30% of participants are able to achieve the blood pressure goal with one antihypertensive medication, according to randomized controlled trials, while the majority of participants were able to do so with two or three medications. Therefore, antihypertensive medications are recommended for primary stroke prevention in most patients who require pharmacological treatment of hypertension.
Patients with antiphospholipid syndrome or systemic lupus erythematosus who do not have a history of stroke or unprovoked venous thromboembolism should receive antiplatelet therapy to prevent stroke. Patients with antiphospholipid syndrome who have had a prior unprovoked venous thrombosis likely benefit from vitamin K antagonist therapy (target international normalized ratio, 2–3) over direct oral anticoagulants.
Prevention of pregnancy-related stroke can be achieved primarily through management of hypertension. Treatment of verified systolic blood pressure ≥160 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥110 mm Hg during pregnancy and within 6 weeks postpartum is recommended to reduce the risk of fatal maternal intracerebral hemorrhage. Additionally, adverse pregnancy outcomes are frequent and are linked to chronic hypertension as well as an increased risk of stroke in later life. As a result, it is recommended that these pregnancy outcomes be screened in order to check for and treat vascular risk factors, and a tool to help with screening in clinical practice is included.
An increased risk of stroke is linked to endometriosis, premature ovarian failure (before the age of 40), and early-onset menopause (before the age of 45). Therefore, screening for all three of these conditions is a reasonable first step in evaluating and treating these individuals' vascular risk factors to lower their risk of stroke.
Understanding transgender health is essential to truly inclusive clinical practice. It has been determined that transgender women taking estrogens to affirm their gender have a higher risk of stroke. As a result, lowering stroke risk in this population may benefit from risk factor evaluation and modification.
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