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ANXIETY DISORDERS , CAUSES, SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENTS

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Anxiety is a feeling that is characterized by an unpleasant state of inner turmoil and includes fears about upcoming events. Anxiety is different from fear in that fear is defined as the emotional response to a present threat, whereas anxiety is the anticipation of a future one.

  - Panic, fear, and uneasiness

  -  Feelings of panic, doom, or danger

  -  Sleep problems or feeling tired

  -  Not being able to stay calm and still

  -  Cold, sweaty, numb, or tingling hands or feet

  -  Shortness of breath

  -  Breathing faster and more quickly than normal (hyperventilation)

  -  Heart palpitations or increased heart rate

  -  Trembling

 -   Dry mouth

 -   Gastrointestinal (GI) issues

 -   Nausea

 -  Tense muscles

 -  Dizziness or feeling weak

 -   Thinking about a problem over and over again and unable to stop (rumination)

 -   Inability to concentrate

 -   Intensely or obsessively avoiding feared objects or places



 Genetics.  Anxiety disorders can run in families.

 Chemistry in the brain Anxiety disorders may be caused by faulty brain circuits that control fear and emotions, according to some research. 

Environmental stress.  This refers to stressful events you have seen or lived through.  Life events often linked to anxiety disorders include childhood abuse and neglect, the death of a loved one, or being attacked or seeing violence.

 Drug or alcohol withdrawal or misuse.  Certain drugs may be used to hide or decrease certain anxiety symptoms.  Anxiety disorder often goes hand in hand with alcohol and substance use.

 Medical conditions.  Anxiety disorders can resemble or worsen the symptoms of certain heart, lung, and thyroid conditions. GI disorders (such as irritable bowel syndrome), respiratory conditions (such as asthma), and tumors that create certain hormones can be linked to anxiety.

 It’s important to get a full physical exam to rule out other medical conditions when talking to your doctor about anxiety.  Additionally, anxiety symptoms may be a precursor to a medical condition. a few medications. Withdrawal from certain medications, such as anti-anxiety drugs, can cause anxiety symptoms.



 Mental health conditions.  If you have certain mental health conditions, such as depression, it raises your risk for anxiety disorder.

 Childhood sexual abuse.  Emotional, physical, and sexual abuse or neglect during childhood is linked to anxiety disorders later in life.

 Trauma.  Living through a traumatic event raises the risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which can cause panic attacks.

 Negative life events.  Stressful or negative life events, such as losing a parent in early childhood, increase your risk for anxiety disorder.  Experiencing more than one smaller stressful event can also put you at risk.

 Severe illness or persistent health problem. You can feel overwhelmed and anxious if you constantly worry about your health, the health of a loved one, or taking care of someone who is ill. Substance abuse.  The use of alcohol and illegal drugs makes you more likely to get an anxiety disorder.  Some people also use these substances to hide or ease anxiety symptoms.

 Being shy as a child.  Shyness and withdrawal from unfamiliar people and places during childhood can be linked to social anxiety in teens and adults.

 Low self-esteem.  Negative perceptions about yourself may lead to social anxiety disorder.


 Learn more about your condition. The more you know, the better prepared you will be to manage symptoms and problems along the way.  Don’t be afraid to ask your doctor any questions you might have.  Remember, you are a key part of your health care team.

 Stick to your treatment plan.  Suddenly stopping your meds can cause unpleasant side effects and even trigger anxiety symptoms.

 Reduce your caffeine intake. Avoid foods and drinks containing caffeine, such as coffee, tea, cola, energy drinks, and chocolate.  Caffeine is a mood-altering drug, and it may make symptoms of anxiety disorders worse.

 Don’t use alcohol and recreational street drugs.  Substance abuse increases your risk of anxiety disorders.

 Eat right and exercise.  Brisk aerobic exercises, such as jogging and biking, help release brain chemicals that cut stress and improve your mood.

 Get better sleep.  Sleep problems and anxiety disorder often go hand in hand.  Make getting good rest a priority.  Follow a relaxing bedtime routine.  Talk to your doctor if you still have trouble sleeping.

 Learn to unwind. Stress management is an important part of your anxiety disorder treatment plan.  Things like meditation or mindfulness can help you unwind after a stressful day and may make your treatment work better.


   Antidepressants.  Modern antidepressants (SSRIs and SNRIs) are typically the first drugs prescribed to someone with an anxiety disorder.  Examples of SSRIs are escitalopram (Lexapro) and fluoxetine (Prozac).  SNRIs include duloxetine (Cymbalta) and venlafaxine (Effexor).

    Bupropion.  This is another type of antidepressant commonly used to treat chronic anxiety.  It works differently than SSRIs and SNRIs.
 
  Other antidepressants.  These include monoamine oxidase oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) and tricyclics. Due to side effects like blood pressure drops, dry mouth, blurry vision, and urinary retention, which can be unpleasant or dangerous for some people, they are less commonly used.    Benzodiazepines are also used to relieve anxiety.

   Beta-blockers.  This type of high blood pressure drug is used off-label and can help you feel better if you’re having physical symptoms of anxiety, such as a racing heart, trembling, or shaking.  A beta-blocker may help you relax during an acute anxiety attack.
  
 Anticonvulsants.  These medications are sometimes used off-label to alleviate certain anxiety disorder symptoms. They are intended to prevent seizures in epileptic patients.    Antipsychotics.  Low doses of these drugs can be used off-label to help make other treatments work better.
  
 Buspirone (BuSpar).  This anti-anxiety drug is sometimes used to treat chronic anxiety.  Before you experience complete relief from symptoms, you will need to take it for a few weeks.





Therapies for anxiety

 Psychotherapy.  This is a kind of counseling that teaches you how your actions are influenced by your emotions. Psychological counseling and talk therapy are other names for it. A trained mental health professional discusses your thoughts, feelings, and anxiety disorder with you and offers suggestions for understanding and managing them.

 Therapy for cognitive and behavioral issues. It is a common form of psychotherapy that teaches you how to change negative thoughts and actions that cause panic into positive ones. You’ll learn ways to carefully approach and manage fearful or worrisome situations without anxiety, which is known as exposure therapy.  Family CBT sessions are offered in some places.



They may run tests to rule out other health conditions that might be causing your symptoms.  No lab tests can specifically diagnose anxiety disorders.
 Your doctor may refer you to a psychiatrist, psychologist, or other mental health professional if they cannot identify a physical cause for your symptoms. These doctors will test you and ask you questions to see if you might have an anxiety disorder. Your doctors will consider how long you’ve had symptoms and how intense they are when diagnosing you.  If your anxiety makes it difficult to enjoy or complete everyday tasks at home, at work, or in school, tell your doctor or counselor.

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